Groundwater resources of Sohag, Egypt are currently threatened by contamination from agricultural and urbanization activities. Groundwater in Sohag area has a special significance where it is the second source for fresh water used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes. Due to growing population, agriculture expansion, and urbanization, groundwater quality assessment needs more attention to cope with the increasing water demand in this arid zones and limited water resources.

·        In this study we use the analysis of groundwater samples collected and analyzed in 1989, 2011and 2018 from the same area to identify the change in the quality of the ground water.

·        According the hydrogeologic data which were collected from the study area in 1989, 2011 and 2018.  we found a changing water table decreasing.  The water level is decreasing in the same direction towards the River Nile.

·        The sufficient recharge and leaching and dissolution of the aquifer materials due to extensive use lead to increase in TDS.

·        Most of the 1989 groundwater samples were suitable for drinking purposes while majority of the 2011, 2014 and 2018 groundwater samples are not suitable due to high salinity.

Results indicated that groundwater properties are varied spatially and its evolution in the study area is generally controlled by the prevailed geochemical processes represented by leaching, dissolution, and precipitation of salts and minerals, ion exchange, in addition to human activities represented by agriculture and urbanization as well as climatic and poor drainage conditions. Management alternatives should be followed in the study area to avoid degradation of groundwater quality and provide sustainable development.